Hong kong futures exchange trading hours

Posted: orca Date of post: 15.06.2017

Hong Kongofficially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of Chinais an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of China. After the First Opium War —42Hong Kong became a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Islandfollowed by the Kowloon Peninsula in and a year lease of the New Territories from Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in In the early s, negotiations between the United Kingdom and China resulted in the Sino-British Joint Declarationwhich paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong inwhen it became a special administrative region SAR of the Peoples Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy.

Under the principle of " one country, two systems ", [18] [19] Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China. Except in military defence and foreign affairs, Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative and judiciary powers. Hong Kong is one of the world's most significant financial centreswith the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world's most competitive and freest economic entity. Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour, which enables ready access by international cargo ships, and its impressive skylinewith a very high density of skyscrapers; [32] the territory boasts the second highest number of high rises of any city in the world.

Hong Kong was officially recorded in the Treaty of Nanking to encompass the entirety of the island. Aberdeen was an initial point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen. Fragrance may refer to the sweet taste of the harbour's fresh water estuarine influx of the Pearl River or to the incense from factories lining the coast of northern Kowloon. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Hong Kong developed Victoria Harbour.

The name had often been written as the single word Hongkong until the government adopted the current form in As ofits official name is the "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China".

This is the official title as mentioned in the Hong Kong Basic Law and the Hong Kong Government's website; [48] however, "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" and "Hong Kong" are widely accepted. Hong Kong has carried many nicknames. The most famous among those is the "Pearl of the Orient", which reflected the impressive nightscape of the city's light decorations on the skyscrapers along both sides of the Victoria Harbour.

The territory is also known as " Asia's World City ". Archaeological studies support human presence in the Chek Lap Kok area now Hong Kong International Airport from 35, to 39, years ago and on Sai Kung Peninsula from 6, years ago. Wong Tei Tung and Three Fathoms Cove are the earliest sites of human habitation in Hong Kong during the Paleolithic Period. It is believed that the Three Fathom Cove was a river-valley settlement and Wong Tei Tung was a lithic manufacturing site.

Excavated Neolithic artefacts suggested cultural differences from the Longshan culture of northern China and settlement by the Che peopleprior to the migration of the Baiyue modern-day Viets to Hong Kong. In BC, Qin Shi Huangthe first emperor of a centralised China, conquered the Baiyue tribes in Jiaozhi modern-day Liangguang region and Vietnam and incorporated the area of Hong Kong into his imperial China for the first time.

Hong Kong proper was assigned to the Nanhai commandery modern-day Nanhai Districtnear the commandery's capital city Panyu. After a brief period of centralisation and collapse of the Qin dynasty, the area of Hong Kong was consolidated under the Kingdom of Nanyue Nam Vietfounded by general Zhao Tuo in BC.

Archaeological evidence indicates an increase of population and flourish of salt production. The Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb on the Kowloon Peninsula is believed to have been built as a burial site during the Han dynasty. From the Han dynasty to the early Tang dynastyHong Kong was a part of Bao'an County.

In the Tang dynasty, modern-day Guangzhou Canton flourished as an international trading centre. Inthe Emperor Xuanzong of Tang established a military stronghold in Tuen Mun to strengthen defence of the coastal area. From the mid- Tang dynasty to the early Ming dynasty —Hong Kong was a part of Dongguan County. During the Ming dynasty, the area was transferred to Xin'an County.

The indigenous inhabitants at that time consisted of several ethnicities such as PuntiHakkaTanka and Hoklo. Subsequent military clashes between China and Portugalhowever, led to the expulsion of all Portuguese merchants from southern China.

Since the 14th century, the Ming court had enforced the maritime prohibition laws that strictly forbade all private maritime activities in order to prevent contact with foreigners by sea. Over 16, inhabitants of Xin'an County including those in Hong Kong were forced to migrate inland; only 1, of those who had evacuated subsequently returned.

Inthreats by the imperial court of Qing to sanction opium imports caused diplomatic friction with the British Empire. Tensions escalated into the First Opium War. The Qing admitted defeat when British forces captured Hong Kong Island on 20 January The island was initially ceded under the Convention of Chuenpi as part of a ceasefire agreement between Captain Charles Elliot and Governor Qishan. A dispute between high-ranking officials of both countries, however, led to the failure of the treaty's ratification.

On 29 AugustHong Kong Island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Treaty of Nanking. The population of Hong Kong Island was 7, when the Union Flag raised over Possession Point on 26 January It mostly consisted of Tanka fishermen and Hakka charcoal burnerswhose settlements scattered along several coastal hamlets.

In the s, a large number of Chinese immigrants crossed the then-free border to escape from the Taiping Rebellion. Other natural disasters, such as flooding, typhoons and famine in mainland China would play a role in establishing Hong Kong as a place for safe shelter.

Further conflicts over the opium trade between Britain and Qing quickly escalated into the Second Opium War. Following the Anglo-French victory, the Crown Colony was expanded to include Kowloon Peninsula south of Boundary Street and Stonecutter's Islandboth of which were ceded to the British in perpetuity under the Convention of Beijing in InBritain obtained a year lease from Qing under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territoryin which Hong Kong obtained a year lease of Lantau Islandthe area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and over other outlying islands.

The society, however, remained racially segregated and polarised under early British colonial policies. Despite the rise of a British-educated Chinese upper-class by the lateth century, race laws such as the Peak Reservation Ordinance prevented ethnic Chinese in Hong Kong from acquiring houses in reserved areas such as Victoria Peak. At this time, the majority of the Chinese population in Hong Kong had no political representation in the British colonial government.

The British governors did rely, however, on a small number of Chinese elites, including Sir Kai Ho and Robert Hotungwho served as ambassadors and mediators between the government and local population. Inthe United Kingdom established the world's first border and immigration control; all residents of Hong Kong were given citizenship as Citizens of United Kingdom and Colonies CUKC.

Hong Kong continued to experience modest growth during the first half of the 20th century. The University of Hong Kong was established in as the territory's oldest higher education institute.

While there had been an exodus of 60, residents for fear of a German attack on the British colony during the First World WarHong Kong remained peaceful.

Its population increased fromin toin and reached 1. InCecil Clementi became the 17th Governor of Hong Kong. Fluent in Cantonese and without a need for translator, Clementi introduced the first ethnic Chinese, Shouson Chowinto the Executive Council as an unofficial member.

Under Clementi's tenure, Kai Tak Airport entered operation as RAF Kai Tak and several aviation clubs. Inthe Second Sino-Japanese War broke out when the Japanese Empire expanded its territories from northeastern China into the mainland proper. To safeguard Hong Kong as a freeport, Governor Geoffry Northcote declared the Crown Colony as a neutral zone. As part of its military campaign in Southeast Asia during Second World Warthe Japanese army moved south from Guangzhou of mainland China and attacked Hong Kong in on 8 December Unable to defend against intensifying Japanese air and land bombardments, they eventually surrendered control of Hong Kong on 25 December The Governor of Hong Kong was captured and taken as a prisoner of war.

This day is regarded by the locals as "Black Christmas". During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kongthe Japanese army committed atrocities against civilians and POWssuch as the St. Local residents also suffered widespread food shortages, limited rationing and hyper-inflation arising from the forced exchange of currency from Hong Kong dollars to Japanese military banknotes. The initial ratio of 2: Due to starvation and forced deportation for slave labour to mainland China, the population of Hong Kong had dwindled from 1.

Hong Kong's population recovered quickly after the war, as a wave of skilled migrants from the Republic of China moved in to seek refuge from the Chinese Civil War. When the Communist Party eventually took full control of mainland China ineven more skilled migrants fled across the open border for fear of persecution. Ina boundary zone was demarked as a buffer zone against potential military attacks from communist China. Border posts along the north of Hong Kong began operation in to regulate the movement of people and goods into and out of the territory.

In the s, Hong Kong became the first of the Four Asian Tiger economies under rapid industrialisation driven by textile exports, manufacturing industries and re-exports of goods to China. As the population grew, with labour costs remaining low, living standards began to rise steadily.

Under Sir Murray MacLehose25th Governor of Hong Kong —82a series of reforms improved the public services, environment, housing, welfare, education and infrastructure of Hong Kong.

MacLehose was British Hong Kong's longest-serving governor and, by the end of his tenure, had become one of the most popular and well-known figures in the Crown Colony. MacLehose laid the foundation for Hong Kong to establish itself as a key global city in the s and early s.

To resolve traffic congestion and to provide a more reliable means of crossing the Victoria Harboura rapid transit railway system metrothe MTRwas planned from the s onwards.

The Island Line Hong Kong IslandKwun Tong Line Kowloon Peninsula and East Kowloon and Tsuen Wan Line Kowloon and urban New Territories opened in the early s. Inthe Hong Kong dollar left its Hong Kong's competitiveness in manufacturing gradually declined due to rising labour and property costs, as well as new development in southern China under the Open Door Policy introduced in which opened up China to foreign business.

Nevertheless, towards the early s, Hong Kong had established itself as a global financial centre along with London and New York City, a regional hub for logistics and freight, one of the fastest-growing economies in Asia and the world's exemplar of Laissez-faire market policy. Inthe Republic of China Taiwan 's permanent seat on the United Nations was transferred to the People's Republic of China PRCHong Kong's status as a recognised colony became terminated in under the request of PRC.

Facing the uncertain future of Hong Kong and expiry of land lease of New Territories beyondGovernor MacLehose raised the question in the late s. The British Nationality Act reclassified Hong Kong into a British Dependent Territory amid the reorganisation of global territories of the British Empire. All residents of Hong Kong became British Dependent Territory Citizens BDTC.

Diplomatic negotiations began with China and eventually concluded with the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Both countries agreed to transfer Hong Kong's sovereignty to China on 1 Julywhen Hong Kong would remain autonomous as a special administrative region and be able to retain its free-market economy, British common law through the Hong Kong Basic Lawindependent representation in international organisations e. WTO and WHOtreaty arrangements and policy-making except foreign diplomacy and military defence.

The Hong Kong Basic Law, based on English lawwould serve as the constitutional document after the transfer. It was ratified in On 1 Julythe transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China took place, officially marking the end of Hong Kong's years under British colonial governance. As the largest remaining colony of the United Kingdom, the loss of Hong Kong effectively represented the end of the British Empire.

This transfer of sovereignty made Hong Kong the first special administrative region of China. Tung Chee-Hwaa pro-Beijing business tycoon, was elected Hong Kong's first Chief Executive by a selected electorate of in a televised programme. Soon after Hong Kong's transfer to PR China, the territory has suffered coincidentally an economic double-blow: Asian Financial Crisis and the H5N1 avian flu pandemic.

The then-Financial Secretary, Sir Donald Tsangadopted a radical measure to make use of British Hong Kong foreign currency reserves and restored Hong Kong's financial stability. In Decemberofficials had to destroy 1. Despite a recovering economy from the Asian Financial Crisis, mismanagement of Tung's housing policy triggered a housing market crisis indisrupting market supply and sent properties prices tumbling until This caused many homeowners to become bankrupt due to negative equity.

InHong Kong moved its international airport from Kai Tak to an artificially-reclaimed island north of Lantau Island. Construction of this new airport began under the British Rose Garden Project and was completed in May Chris Patten 's democratic reform of the Legislative Council Election in was abruptly terminated when Hong Kong transferred to PR China in InPR China set up a parallel "Provisional Council" of pro-Beijing members in Shenzhen.

This Provisional Legislative Council, lacking legislative or constitutional power, moved into Hong Kong and completed its term in The Legislative Council resumed its full function after the election under pre-reformed rules; one of the prominent tasks was to complete legislation of articles in the Hong Kong Basic Lawconstitutional document of the territory.

Despite the unopposed re-election of Tung in Julydistrust of PR China remained throughout Tung's first term as Chief Executive. InHong Kong was gravely affected by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS.

In Maythe government's attempt to legislate Article 23 National Security of the Basic Law aroused strong suspicion among Hong Kong citizens. This Article would grant Hong Kong's police force right of access to private property on grounds of 'safeguarding national security', but without court warrants. Coupled with years of economic hardships and discontent of Tung's pro-Beijing stance, a mass demonstration broke out on 1 July This demonstration hastened the resignations of two government ministers and, eventually, that of Tung on 10 March Sir Donald Tsangthen- Chief Secretary for Administration and ex-official of the British Hong Kong government, entered the election uncontested and was appointed by Beijing as the second Chief Executive of Hong Kong on 21 June InTsang introduced food safety procedures to Hong Kong in light of loose vetting standards, contamination and counterfeit food issues of PR China.

Tsang went on to win a second term in office following the Chief Executive election under managed voting. Hong Kong narrowed avoided a technical recession from the ongoing crisis. InHong Kong hosted the 5th East Asian Games and nine national teams competed in it. The Games were the first and largest international multi-sport event ever organised and hosted by the city. The most controversial, however, was the high-speed railway link connecting Hong Kong and neighbouring cities of PR China; as ofthe project has suffered numerous delays, surging labour and material costs and dispute over immigration procedures.

During Tsang's second term, he initiated modest reforms in areas of education, environment and food safety.

He concluded his term, however, when a local news media uncovered evidence of him receiving favours and hospitality from business tycoons on various occasions. This resulted in further discovery of bribery in Tsang's government; then-Chief Secretary of Administration, Rafael Huiwas convicted of corruption in A selected electorate of 1, pro-Beijing members constituted the election committee; Leung Chun-ying won votes and was appointed Chief Executive on 1 July by PR China.

During Leung's term, the government completed legislation of Anti-trust and Competition Ordinance and introduced minimum wage in Political debates, however, have centred themselves predominately on universal suffrage and education reform.

The government's proposed National Education curriculum in attracted polarising reactions across Hong Kong's public and a draft bill was eventually withdrawn. Reactions from PR China, including the White Paper on Hong Kong, [90] attracted worldwide allegations of Beijing's intervention into Hong Kong's high-degree autonomy. This has fuelled up a number of mass protests and the most prominent one was the Occupy Central later termed "Umbrella" movement in September to December Hong Kong's high-degree autonomy, along with neutrality of press and media, judicial independence and freedom of speech and publication, have at times been scrutinised.

With continued distrust of PR China's government, notable events such as violent attack on journalists, increasing level of press self-censorship, alleged extraterritorial abduction of anti-PR China publishers [93] and covert intervention into Hong Kong's educational, political and independent institutions have posed challenges to the "One Country, Two Systems" arrangement.

In the Legislative Council Electionthere were reports of discrepancies in the electorate registry, which contains ghost registrations across constituencies, as well as political intervention to strip pro-Independence individuals of their right to stand in elections [94] and alleged death threats to election candidates.

Social tension has heightened during Leung's term, with many Hongkongers believing that PR China increased their efforts to exert influence on everyday life in Hong Kong.

The territory currently delegates control of PR Chinese immigrants, as well as issue of visitor permits, to Chinese authorities. On the first day of Chinese New Yearriots targeting the police force broke out. Hong Kong's current structure of governance inherits from the British model of colonial administration set up in the s. The Sino-British Joint Declaration states that "Hong Kong should enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all areas except defence and foreign affairs" with reference to the underlying principle of one country, two systems.

Hong Kong's most senior leader, Chief Executive, is elected by a committee of 1, selected members in and nominally appointed by the Government of PR China. The primary pillars of government are the Executive CouncilLegislative Councilcivil service and Judiciary. Policy-making is initially discussed in the Executive Council, presided by the Chief Executive of Hong Kongbefore passing to the Legislative Council for bill adoption.

The Legislative Council, set up indebates policies and motions before voting to adopt or rejecting bills. It has 70 members originally 60 and 40 originally 30 among them are directly elected by universal suffrage; the other 30 members are " functional constituencies " indirectly elected by a smaller electorate of corporate bodies or representatives of stipulated economic sectors as defined by the government.

The Legislative Council is chaired by a president who acts as the speaker. Inseating of the Legislative Council also public services and election franchises of Hong Kong modelled on the British system: Urban Council Hong Kong and Kowloon and District Council New Territories and Outlying Islands. Inthis system has been reformed into 18 directly elected District Offices across 5 Legislative Council constituencies: Hong Kong's Civil Service, created by the British colonial government, is a politically neutral body that implements government policies and provides public services.

Senior civil servants are appointed based on meritocracy. The territory's police, firefighting and customs forces, as well as clerical officers across various government departments, make up the civil service.

Hong Kong's Basic Law, implemented in the territory on 1 Julyconsists of outstanding articles which require bill adoption by the Legislative Council before becoming effective laws. Two of the most prominent articles include Article 23 "National Security" and universal suffrage of Chief Executive elections. Inthe government's motion of an anti-subversion bill pursuant to Article 23, was met with fierce opposition and eventually dropped. These additional 10 seats are created through directly elected members of District Offices.

Continual debate between pro-Beijing and pan-democratic factions characterises Hong Kong's contemporary political landscape across the transition from the British Empire to PR China. Aside from clashes over a range of social, welfare, labour and economic policies, the most contentious topic has been universal suffrage.

Ideological differences over the pace of democratisation have shadowed over the Bill of Political Reform "District Council Model District Office ", Bill of Political Reform passed 46—12 " Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in " [] [] and the Bill of Political Reform blocked 8— Hong Kong's current legal system, independent of the legal system of mainland China and Chinese civil lawinherits from British Common Law established before The guiding principle is an independent judicial system in which the Rule of Law, as opposed to Rule by Law, safeguards judicial courts from government intervention.

hong kong futures exchange trading hours

The essence of How much money do paparazzi earn Common Law is the juror system: One feature of the Common Law system is the basis of legal precedent stare decisis in which judges refer to empirical evidence from previous cases of a similar category prior to handing out a final verdict.

According to Article 92 of Hong Kong's Basic Law, judicial courts may refer to decisions which are rendered by courts of other common law jurisdictions as precedents [18] [] England, Canada and Australia.

Judges from these jurisdictions are permitted to sit as non-permanent judges of the Court of Final Appeal. Hong Kong's court system comprises the Court of Final Appeal formerly HM Court of Final Appeal in the United Kingdomthe High Court constitutes the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance and the District Court includes the Family Court. The Department of Justice is responsible for handling legal matters for the government. Its responsibilities include providing legal advice, criminal prosecution, civil representation, legal and policy drafting and reform and international legal co-operation between different jurisdictions.

Hong Kong's Basic Law Article delegates all diplomatic affairs to PR China's Foreign Ministry, but the territory retains exclusive rights in fostering external relations in international organisations, co-operation bodies and sports and cultural events. Under the alias "Hong Kong, China", Hong Kong maintains active partnerships with foreign nations in the World 60 second binary options explain Organization WTOthe Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APECthe International Olympic Committee IOCthe International Federation of Association Football FIFAand the International Basketball Federation FIBA.

Overseas Representatives of Hong Kong cover the fields of economy, trade, monetary finance, shipping, communications, tourismculture and sports. Under the special condition of Hong Kong's high-degree autonomy, the territory is able to maintain an independent customs area and separate immigration policy from those of PR China.

This separate exercise of customs and immigration, subject to conditional reviews, is recognised by foreign nations through their legislature, such as the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act. Hong Kong maintains an international border with PR China across 5 border control stations by land, 3 entry and exit points by sea and the International Airport.

Applications for entry permits are, however, handled by Chinese Embassies for Hong Kong. A number of Consulate-Generals in Hong Kong, such as the United States and United Kingdomoperate independently of their embassies in Beijing, extend their areas of jurisdiction beyond Hong Kong to include Macau, and report directly to their respective foreign forex bank veksling. The Hong Kong government generally respects the human rights of its citizens, and members of the Legislative Council put and call options in nifty Hong Kong and the District Council of Hong Kong are elected into office by Hong Kong citizens.

The imbalance of voting power in the LegCo has led to widespread criticism of its inability to represent Hongkongers' socio-economic needs. This policy has received criticism from various political figures in Hong Kong, and led to the Umbrella Revolution. Plans to expand the voting population basics investing indian stock market begun to appear in the s, and political late night forex bureau in nairobi liaised with the government to provide universal suffrage.

There are restrictions on freedom of the press and freedom of assembly. A law against racial discrimination does not cover mainlanders, immigrants or migrant workers. Hong Kong has a higher age-of-consent and harsher punishments for illegal homosexual acts. Internet censorship in Hong Kong operates under different principles and regulations from those of mainland China. Hong Kong comprises three geographical regions, which coincided with its historical expansion by the British colonial government: Hong Kong IslandKowloon and the New Territories and Outlying Islands The first established settlement was City of Victoria on Hong Kong Island.

Its area coincided with modern-day Central and Western District 15 in map. Since the abolition of decentralised Urban and District Councils inHong Kong is now a unitary territory subdivided into 18 districts.

Each district is represented by a district councilwho advises the government on various local agendas such as public facilities, community programmes, cultural activities and environmental policies.

Since Julythe responsibility of maintaining the military forces in Hong Kong has been transferred from the British Armed Forces to China's PLA Hong Kong Garrison under the Liberation Army. The garrison, consisting of units from ground, naval and air forces, reports its command to the Central Military Commission.

The Basic Law of Hong Kong protects all civilians and civil affairs against any interference by the garrison. All military personnel, while stationed in Hong Kong, must remain within barrack grounds. When such personnel leave their barracks, they are subject to Hong Kong laws.

The territory's police, who are civil servants, are responsible for uk stock market regulator public order; under exceptional circumstances, however, the police force may ask China for assistance from the garrison in disaster relief.

In Januarythe People's Liberation Army sponsored the establishment of Hong Kong Army Cadets Association for children over 6 years old. The inauguration ceremony was held at a garrison's naval base in Hong Kong; but most media were excluded from this event except pro-Beijing press.

It is surrounded by the South China Sea on the east, south, and west, and borders the Guangdong city of Shenzhen to the north over the Sham Chun River. Hong Kong claims territorial waters to a distance of 3 nautical miles 5. Its land area makes Hong Kong the th largest inhabited territory in the world. Most of the territory's urban development exists on Kowloon peninsula, along the northern edge of Hong Kong Island, and in scattered settlements throughout the New Territories.

Hong Kong Geopark is made up of eight Geo-Areas distributed across the Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region and Northeast New Territories Sedimentary Rock Hong kong futures exchange trading hours. Despite Hong Kong's reputation of being intensely urbanised, the territory has tried to promote a green environment, [] and recent growing public concern has prompted the severe restriction of further best forex dealer ebooks reclamation from Victoria Harbour.

Summer is hot and humid with occasional showers and thunderstorms, and warm air coming from the southwest. Typhoons most often occur in summer. They sometimes result in flooding or landslides. Winters are mild and usually start sunny, becoming cloudier towards February; the occasional cold front brings strong, cooling winds from the north.

The most temperate seasons are spring, which can be changeable, and autumn, which is generally sunny and dry. Hong Kong averages 1, hours of sunshine per year, [] while the highest and lowest ever recorded temperatures at the Hong Kong Observatory are As one of the world's leading international financial centresHong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade.

From the second half of the 19th century and continuing into the first half of the 20th century, Hong Kong operated as a key command centre for the allocation of Asian capital in its broadest form. Hong Kong stature as an International Financial centre IFCgradually developed from the s to become a key component of the island's economy.

The currency, Hong Kong dollaris the eighth most traded currency in the world as of [update][27] it has been pegged to the US dollar since Between and Forex traders in uae Kong's gross domestic product grew times while per-capita GDP increased 87 times over. Hong Kong is the world's eleventh largest trading entity, [] with the total value of imports and exports exceeding its gross domestic top ten forex robot 2013. It is the world's largest re-export centre.

Its physical location has allowed the city to establish a transportation and logistics infrastructure that includes the world's second busiest container port and the world's busiest airport for international cargo. Even before the transfer of sovereignty, Hong Kong had established extensive trade and investment ties with stock market crash gold price mainland, which now enable it to serve as a point of entry for investment flowing into the mainland.

At the end ofthere were 3. Inflation was at 2. The territory has little arable land and few natural resources, so it imports most of its food and raw materials.

InHong Kong was the eleventh most popular destination for international tourists among countries and put credit spread option worldwide, with a total of Hong Kong is also the most popular city for tourists, nearly two times of its nearest competitor Macau.

As of [update] Hong Kong is the eighth most expensive city for expatriatesfalling from fifth position in the previous year. The Hong Kong Government has traditionally played a mostly passive role in the economy, with little by way of industrial policy and almost no import or export controls.

Market forces and the private sector were allowed to determine practical development. Under the official policy of " positive non-interventionism ", Hong Kong is often cited as an example of laissez-faire capitalism. Following the Second World War, Hong Kong industrialised rapidly as a manufacturing centre driven by exports, and then underwent a rapid transition to a service-based economy in the s. Hong Kong financial centre matured in the s, but was greatly affected by the Asian financial crisis inand again in by the SARS outbreak.

A revival of external and domestic demand has led to a strong recovery, as cost decreases strengthened the competitiveness of Hong Kong exports and a long deflationary period ended. Hong Kong's transportation network is highly developed. The city's main railway company KCRC was merged with MTR increating a comprehensive rail network for the whole territory also called MTR.

Hong Kong's bus service is franchised and run by private operators. Five privately owned companies provide franchised bus service across the territory, together operating more than routes as of [update]. The largest are Kowloon Motor Busproviding routes in Kowloon and New Territories, and Citybusoperating routes on Hong Kong Island; both run cross-harbour services.

Double-decker buses were introduced to Hong Kong inand are now almost exclusively used; single-decker buses remain eur usd latest forecast use for routes with lower demand or roads with lower load capacity.

Public light buses serve most parts of Hong Kong, particularly areas where standard bus lines cannot reach or do not reach as frequently, quickly, or directly. The Star Ferry service, founded inoperates two lines across Victoria Harbour and provides scenic views of Hong Kong's skyline for its 53, daily passengers. Travel writer Ryan Levitt considered the main Tsim Sha Tsui to Central route one of the most picturesque in the world. Hong Kong is famous for its junks traversing the harbour, and small kai-to ferries that serve remote coastal settlements.

Hong Kong Island's steep, hilly terrain was initially served by sedan chairs. Providing an adequate water supply for Hong Kong has always been difficult because the region has few natural lakes and rivers, inadequate groundwater sources inaccessible in most cases due to the hard granite bedrock found in most areas in the territorya high population density, and extreme seasonable variations in rainfall.

Thus about 70 percent of water demand is met by importing water from the Dongjiang River in neighbouring Guangdong province. In addition, freshwater demand is curtailed by the use of seawater for toilet flushing, using a separate distribution system. The territory's population in mid is 7. Residents of the Mainland do not automatically receive the Right of Abodeand many may not enter the territory freely. Like other non-natives, they may apply for the Right of Abode after seven years of continuous residency.

Some of the rights may also be acquired by marriage e. Hong Kong's Han majority originate mainly from the Guangzhou and Taishan regions in Guangdong province. There are also BritonsAmericansCanadiansJapaneseand Koreans working in the city's commercial and financial sector. Hong Kong's de facto official language is Cantonesea variety of Chinese originating from Guangdong province to the north of Hong Kong.

Since the Handover, an increase in immigrants from mainland China and greater interaction with the mainland's economy have brought an increasing number of Mandarin speakers to Hong kong futures exchange trading hours Kong. Hong Kong is a multi-faith society. A majority of residents of Hong Kong have no religious affiliation, professing a form of agnosticism or atheism.

In Hong Kong teaching evolution won out in curriculum dispute about whether to teach other explanations, and that creationism and intelligent design will form no part of the senior secondary biology curriculum.

Etrade forex minimum deposit Kong enjoys a high degree of religious freedom, guaranteed by the Basic Law.

Hong Kong's main religions are Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism ; a local religious scholar in contact with major denominations estimates there are approximately 1. Statistically Hong Kong's income gap is the largest the inefficient stock market what pays off and why pdf Asia Pacific.

According to a report by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme inHong Kong's Gini coefficientat 0. The government has named economic restructuring, changes in household sizes, and the increase of high-income jobs as factors that have skewed the Gini coefficient. Hong Kong's education system used to roughly follow the system in England[] although international systems exist.

The government maintains a policy of "mother tongue instruction" Chinese: In secondary schools, 'biliterate and trilingual' proficiency is emphasised, and Mandarin -language education has been increasing. Hong Kong's public schools are operated by the Education Bureau.

The system features a non-compulsory three-year kindergarten, followed by a compulsory six-year primary education, a compulsory three-year junior secondary education, a non-compulsory two-year senior secondary education leading to the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examinations and a two-year matriculation course leading to the Hong Kong How to make money with tailoring and enchanting Level Examinations.

Most comprehensive schools in Hong Kong fall under three categories: Outside this system are the schools under the Direct Subsidy Scheme and private international schools. There are eight public and one private universities in Hong Kong, the oldest being the University of Hong Kong HKUestablished in — In addition to the public post-secondary institutions there are also a number of private higher institutions which offer higher diplomas and associate degree courses for those who fail to enter a college for a degree study so as to boost their qualification of education, some can you buy stocks with rrsps whom can have a second chance of getting into a university if they have a good performance in these sub-degree courses.

There are 13 private hospitals and more than 40 public hospitals in Hong Kong. There are two medical schools in the territory, one based at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the other at the University of Hong Kong. However, Hong Kong has been developing its own postgraduate medical institutions, in particular the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, and this is gradually taking over the responsibility for all postgraduate medical training in the territory.

Sincethere have been growing concerns that mothers-to-be from mainland China, in a bid to obtain the right of abode in Hong Kong and the benefits that come with it, have saturated the neonatal wards of the city's hospitals both public and private.

This has led to protest from local pregnant women for the government to remedy the issue, as they have found difficulty in securing a bed space for giving birth and routine check-ups. Other concerns in the decade of — relate to the workload medical staff experience; and medical errors and mishaps, which are frequently highlighted in local news.

Hong Kong is frequently described as a place where 5 minute expiry binary options strategy East meets West ", reflecting the culture's mix of the territory's Chinese roots with influences from its time as a British colony.

Hong Kong is a recognised global centre of trade and calls itself an "entertainment hub". Several Hollywood performers, notable actors and martial artists have originated from Hong Kong cinema, notably Bruce LeeJackie ChanChow Yun-fatMichelle YeohMaggie Cheung and Jet Li. A number of Hong Kong film-makers have achieved widespread fame in Hollywood, such as John WooWong Kar-waiand Stephen Chow.

Hong Kong is the centre for Cantopop music, which draws its influence from other forms of 60 seconds binary options review company music and Western genres, and has a multinational fanbase. The Hong Kong government supports cultural institutions such as the Hong Kong Heritage Museumthe Hong Kong Museum of Artthe Hong Kong Academy for Performing Artsand the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra.

The government's Leisure and Cultural Services Department subsidises and sponsors international performers brought to Hong Kong. Many international cultural activities are organised by the government, consulates, and privately. Hong Kong had two licensed terrestrial broadcasters — ATV and TVBthe former of which has now been defunct.

There are three local and a number of foreign suppliers of cable and satellite services. Magazine and newspaper publishers in Hong Kong distribute and print in both Chinese and English, with a focus on sensationalism and celebrity gossip. Hong Kong offers wide recreational and competitive sport opportunities despite its limited land area.

It sends delegates to international competitions such as the Olympic Games and Asian Gamesand played host to the equestrian events during the Summer Olympics. Hong Kong's steep terrain and extensive trail network with expansive views attracts hikers, and its rugged coastline provides many beaches for swimming.

Sports in Hong Kong are a significant part of its culture. Due mainly to British influence going as far back as the late 19th century, Hong Kong had an earlier introduction to Western athletics compared to other Asia regions. Football, cricket, basketball, swimming, badminton, table tennis, cycling and running have the most participants and spectators.

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InHong Kong successfully organised the V East Asian Games. Other major international sporting events including the Equestrian at the Summer OlympicsHong Kong SevensHong Kong MarathonAFC Asian CupEAFF East Asian Cup method earnings on binary options, Hong Kong Tennis ClassicPremier League Asia Trophyand Lunar New Year Cup are also held in the territory.

As of best price broker for penny stocksthere were 32 Hong Kong athletes from seven sports ranking in world's Top 20, 29 athletes in six sports in Asia top 10 ranking. Moreover, Hong Kong athletes with disabilities are equally impressive in their performance as of [update]having won four world championships and two Asian Championships.

According to Emporisthere are 1, skyscrapers in Hong Kong, which puts the city at the top of world rankings. The high density and tall skyline of Hong Kong's urban area is due to a lack of available sprawl space, with the average distance from the harbour front to the steep hills of Hong Kong Island at 1. This lack of space causes demand for dense, high-rise offices and housing. Thirty-six of the world's tallest residential buildings are in Hong Kong. As a result of the lack of retail participation in stock market malaysia and demand for construction, few older buildings remain, and the city is becoming a centre for modern architecture.

According to the Emporis website, the city skyline has the biggest visual impact of all world cities. There are many development plans in place, including the construction of new government buildings[] waterfront redevelopment in Central, [] and a series of projects in West Kowloon.

All twenty-eight member states of the European Union are also members of the WTO in their own right: Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of Chinaparticipates as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao China". Officially the Republic of China, participates as " Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu ", and "Chinese Taipei" in short. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Stock market seasonality trendsHulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.

Administrative divisions of the Republic of China instead. From Wikipedia, daylight insider trading free encyclopedia.

This article is about Hong Kong as a special administrative region of China. For other uses, see Hong Kong disambiguation. For other uses, see HK disambiguation. Traditional Chinese English alphabet. Skyline of Hong Kong Island from the PeakTian Tan BuddhaTwo International Finance CentreKennedy TownNathan RoadAvenue of StarsGovernment House and Tsing Ma Bridge.

History of Hong Kong and History of China. History of Hong Kong under Imperial China. British Hong Kong and History of Hong Kong s—s. Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. British Hong Kongs in Hong Kongs in Hong Kongs in Hong Kongs in Hong Kongand s in Hong Kong. Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong and s in Hong Kong. Politics of Hong KongHong Kong Governmentand Elections in Hong Kong.

Law of Hong Kong and Judiciary of Hong Kong. Foreign relations of Hong Kong. Human rights in Hong Kong. List of cities and towns in Hong Kong and Districts of Hong Kong. Kwai Tsing3. Sai Kung5. Sha Tin6. Tai Po7. Tsuen Wan8. Tuen Mun9. Yuen Long Kowloon City Kwun Tong Sham Shui Po Wong Tai Sin Yau Tsim Mong People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison.

Geography of Hong KongEcology of Hong Kongand Climate of Hong Kong. Economy of Hong Kong. Transport in Hong Kong and Water supply and sanitation in Hong Kong. Demographics of Hong Kong. Religion in Hong Kong.

Education in Hong Kong. Health in Hong Kong. Cinema of Hong Kong. Sport in Hong Kong. Architecture of Hong Kong. List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong. Hong Kong portal China portal. A person not of Chinese nationality who has entered Hong Kong with a valid travel document, has ordinarily resided in Hong Kong for a continuous period of not less than 7 years and has taken Hong Kong as his or her place of permanent residence are legally recognised as a Permanent Resident of Hong Kong.

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Retrieved 9 September The first wave of refugees came to Hong Kong in the s to escape from the Chinese Civil War and the Sino-Japanese War, but it wasn't untilduring the Chinese exodus, when an estimated one million-plus mainland Chinese started coming into the territory via the northern borders.

Many people, mostly anti-communist Kuomintang officials and capitalists, rushed to Hong Kong in search of refuge. The turmoil on the mainland, leading to the defeat of the Nationalists and takeover by the Communists inunleashed a torrent of refugees — both rich and poor -into Hong Kong.

A Concise History of Hong Kong. Immigration DepartmentHong Kong Government. If I am a lawful resident of Hong Kong, can my family members in the Mainland or elsewhere apply to immigrate to Hong Kong? Community Legal Information Centre. Retrieved 4 November Application of International Labour Standards I. Journalism and Media Studies CentreUniversity of Hong Kong.

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Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Archived from the original PDF on 17 May Retrieved 20 June Archived from the original on 28 May Retrieved 26 April Home Affairs BureauHong Kong Government. Archived from the original on 11 April Find more about Hong Kong at Wikipedia's sister projects. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC. APEC Business Travel Card APEC blue APEC Climate Center APEC Youth Science Festival. A special administrative region of Chinaparticipates as "Hong Kong, China" 2.

Officially the Republic of China, participates as " Chinese Taipei ". Accession and membership Appellate Body Dispute Settlement Body International Trade Centre Chronology of key events. Criticism Doha Development Round Singapore issues Quota Elimination Peace Clause. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Agriculture Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Technical Barriers to Trade Trade Related Investment Measures Trade in Services Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Government Procurement Information Technology Marrakech Agreement Doha Declaration Bali Package.

Yonov Frederick Agah Karl Brauner David Shark Yi Xiaozhun former: Alejandro Jara Valentine Rugwabiza Harsha Singh Rufus Yerxa.

Kitts and Nevis St. Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom 2. Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region.

English-speaking world History of the English language British Empire English in the Commonwealth of Nations.

List of countries by English-speaking population List of countries where English is an official language. Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority. Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda The Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda British Virgin Islands Canada Cayman Islands Dominica Falkland Islands Grenada Guyana Jamaica Montserrat Saba Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States United States Virgin Islands.

Guernsey Ireland Isle of Man Jersey United Kingdom.

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Australia New Zealand Norfolk Island Pitcairn Islands. Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language.

Botswana Cameroon The Gambia Ghana Kenya Lesotho Liberia Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Sierra Leone Somaliland South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe.

Christmas Island Cocos Keeling Islands Hong Kong Special Administrative Region India Pakistan Philippines Singapore. American Samoa Cook Islands Fiji Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia Nauru Niue Northern Mariana Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tokelau Tuvalu Vanuatu.

Dependencies shown in italics. Metropolitan cities of China. Beijing a Chongqing a Guangzhou b2 Shanghai a2 Tianjin a2. Chengdu b Nanjing b Shenyang b Shenzhen c1 Wuhan b Xi'an b. Changchun b Chengdu b Dalian c2 Guangzhou b2 Hangzhou b Harbin b Jinan b Nanjing b Ningbo c2 Qingdao c2 Shenyang b Shenzhen c1 Wuhan b Xiamen c1 Xi'an b. Changsha Fuzhou 2 Guiyang Haikou Hefei Kunming Lanzhou Nanchang Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Xining Zhengzhou Taibei 5.

Anshan Baotou Benxi Datong Fushun Handan Huainan Jilin Luoyang Suzhou Tangshan Qiqihar Wuxi Xuzhou Zibo. Prefecture-level cities by Province. Other cities partly shown below. Xingyi Kaili Duyun Yunnan: Chuxiong Mengzi Wenshan Jinghong Dali Mang Shangri-La Lushui Gansu: Changji Bole Korla Yining Artux Aksu Kashgar 1 Hotan Tacheng Altay.

JiyuanHenan Hubei: Wuzhishan Qionghai Wenchang Wanning Dongfang Xinjiang - XPCC Bingtuan cities: Shihezi Aral Tumxuk Wujiaqu Beitun Tiemenguan Shuanghe Kokdala Kunyu. Qian'an, Hebei Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia Erenhot, Inner Mongolia Golmud, Qinghai.

County-level cities by Province. Gujiao Lucheng Gaoping Jiexiu Yongji Hejin Yuanping Houma Huozhou Xiaoyi Fenyang. Xinmin Wafangdian Zhuanghe Haicheng Donggang Fengcheng Linghai Beizhen Gaizhou Dashiqiao Dengta Diaobingshan Kaiyuan Beipiao Lingyuan Xingcheng.

Yushu Dehui Jiaohe Huadian Shulan Panshi Gongzhuling Shuangliao Meihekou Ji'an Linjiang Fuyu Taonan Da'an Yanji Tumen Dunhua Hunchun Longjing Helong. Shangzhi Wuchang Nehe Hulin Mishan Tieli Tongjiang Fujin Fuyuan Suifenhe Hailin Ning'an Muling Dongning Bei'an Wudalianchi Anda Zhaodong Hailun.

Jiangyin Yixing Xinyi Pizhou Liyang Changshu Zhangjiagang Kunshan Taicang Qidong Rugao Haimen Dongtai Yizheng Gaoyou Danyang Yangzhong Jurong Jingjiang Taixing Xinghua. Jiande Lin'an Yuyao Cixi Fenghua Rui'an Yueqing Haining Pinghu Tongxiang Zhuji Shengzhou Lanxi Yiwu Dongyang Yongkang Jiangshan Wenling Linhai Longquan. Chaohu Jieshou Tongcheng Tianchang Mingguang Ningguo. Fuqing Changle Yong'an Shishi Jinjiang Nan'an Longhai Shaowu Wuyishan Jian'ou Zhangping Fu'an Fuding.

Leping Ruichang Gongqingcheng Lushan Guixi Ruijin Jinggangshan Fengcheng Zhangshu Gao'an Dexing. Zhangqiu Jiaozhou Jimo Pingdu Laixi Tengzhou Longkou Laiyang Laizhou Penglai Zhaoyuan Qixia Haiyang Qingzhou Zhucheng Shouguang Anqiu Gaomi Changyi Qufu Zoucheng Xintai Feicheng Rongcheng Rushan Laoling Yucheng Linqing.

Lechang Nanxiong Taishan Kaiping Heshan Enping Lianjiang Leizhou Wuchuan Gaozhou Huazhou Xinyi Sihui Xingning Lufeng Yangchun Yingde Lianzhou Puning Luoding. Cenxi Dongxing Guiping Beiliu Jingxi Yizhou Heshan Pingxiang. All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province. Largest cities or towns in China Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China Pearl River Delta Region Yuegang'ao Greater Bay Area.

Pearl River Delta Economic Zone. Guangzhou Panyu Huadu Nansha Zengcheng Conghua Shenzhen Bao'an Zhuhai Hengqin Dongguan Zhongshan Cuiheng Foshan Jiangmen Enping Taishan Kaiping Heshan Huizhou Zhaoqing Sihui Gaoyao.

Major cities along the Pearl River. Nanxiong Shaoguan Zhenjiang Wujiang Qujiang Yingde Qingyuan Qingxin Qingcheng Foshan Sanshui waterways with Xi Nanhai Chancheng Sanshui Guangzhou Panyu Nansha merged into the Shiziyang.

Heyuan Yuancheng Huizhou Huicheng Dongguan Guangzhou Zengcheng Huangpu merged into the Shiziyang. Guilin Diecai Qixing Xiufeng Xiangshan Yanshan Wuzhou Changzhou Wanxiu merged into the Xi. Hechi Jinchengjiang Yizhou merged into the Liu. Liuzhou Liubei Liunan Chengzhong Yufeng merged into the Liu.

Xuanwei Liupanshui Liuzhi merged into the Hongshui. Qujing Qilin merged into the Hongshui. Guangzhou Baiyun Foshan Nanhai Guangzhou Liwan Haizhu Yuexiu Tianhe Huangpu Dongguan Shiziyang. Pearl tributary of Dong Dongguan Guangzhou Panyu tributary of Bei Nansha waterways with Xi Lingdingyang.

Shiziyang Guangzhou Nansha District waterways with Xi Zhongshan Shenzhen Bao'an District Guangming New District Longhua New District Nanshan District, Shenzhen Futian District Luohu District Yantian District Longgang District Pingshan New District Dapeng New District Zhuhai Xiangzhou Jinwan District Doumen District Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong Island Kowloon Macau Macau Peninsula Taipa Coloane Cotai Jiuzhouyang.

World's twenty most populous metropolitan areas. World's fifty most-populous urban areas. Tokyo — Yokohama Keihin Jakarta Jabodetabek Delhi Manila Metro Manila Seoul — Incheon Sudogwon Shanghai Karachi Beijing New York City Guangzhou — Foshan Guangfo. Greater Buenos Aires Tehran Istanbul Lagos Shenzhen Rio de Janeiro Kinshasa Tianjin Paris Lima.

Dongguan Johannesburg — East Rand Wuhan Taipei - Taoyuan Hangzhou Hong Kong Chongqing Ahmedabad Kuala Lumpur Klang Valley Quanzhou. Provincial-level divisions of the People's Republic of China. Anhui Fujian Gansu Guangdong Guizhou Hainan Hebei Heilongjiang Henan Hubei Hunan Jiangsu Jiangxi Jilin Liaoning Qinghai Shaanxi Shandong Shanxi Sichuan Yunnan Zhejiang.

Guangxi Inner Mongolia Ningxia Tibet Xinjiang. Beijing Chongqing Shanghai Tianjin. Taiwan is claimed by the People's Republic of China but administered by the Republic of China see Political status of Taiwan. Hong Kong and Macau are claimed as provincial-level divisions, but as listed on the constitutional documents and joint declarations their statuses are better to be interpreted as first-level divisions instead.

Countries and dependencies of Asia. Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand East Timor Timor-Leste Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen.

Abkhazia Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan. Dependencies and special administrative regions. Christmas Island Cocos Keeling Islands. Akrotiri and Dhekelia British Indian Ocean Territory.

Authority control WorldCat Identities VIAF: Retrieved from " https: Chinese-speaking countries and territories Cities in China English-speaking countries and territories Hong Kong Independent cities Metropolitan areas of China Pearl River Delta Populated coastal places in Hong Kong Populated places established in Port cities and towns in China South China South China Sea Special administrative regions of China States and territories established in CS1 uses Chinese-language script zh CS1 Chinese-language sources zh All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from June Webarchive template wayback links Articles with dead external links from April Articles with permanently dead external links Webarchive template archiveis links Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August Pages using ISBN magic links Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Use dmy dates from April EngvarB from August Articles containing Chinese-language text Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text Articles containing potentially dated statements from All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from Articles containing potentially dated statements from Articles containing potentially dated statements from Articles with DMOZ links All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October Good articles Coordinates on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Articles containing video clips.

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Major Cities National Central Cities Beijing a Chongqing a Guangzhou b2 Shanghai a2 Tianjin a2. Other cities partly shown below Prefecture-level capitals County-level Inner Mongolia: Cities from upper reaches to lower reaches.

Liu Long Hechi Jinchengjiang Yizhou merged into the Liu. Beipan Xuanwei Liupanshui Liuzhi merged into the Hongshui. Lingdingyang South China Sea. Australia Christmas Island Cocos Keeling Islands.

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